Okay, so I thought I would share the grammar that we’re doing at the moment. It’s all about location and possession. This, that, those, in, at…. This is a bit more advanced and I don’t have time to edit all of it to add the mouse-over code for pronunciation this morning. However, I will endeavor to do it by this afternoon! (It’s also really long, so I’ll post it after some “Icon” eye-candy!!)
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이,그,저 (demonstrative) + NOUN : this/these, it/their, that/those
이게,그게,저게
These are the contractions of ‘이것, 그것, 저것` and the subjective marker ‘-이’.
‘이것’ is ‘this thing.’ ‘이’ is a demonstrative which modifies the dependent noun ‘-것’ and it is used only as a modifier of the following noun. ‘이것’ indicates a thing which is close to the speaker. ‘그것’ indicates a thing which is far from the speaker, but close to the listener. It can be also used as that thing or those things already under discussion. ‘저것’ is used to indicate a thing which is far from both the listener and the speaker.
이것+ 이 -> 이게 ‘this’ (close to the speaker)
그것+ 이 -> 그게 ‘that’ (far from the speaker, close to the listener)
저것+ 이 -> 저게 ‘that over there’ (far from both the listener and the speaker)
이건,그건,저건
These are the contractions of ‘이것,그것,저것’ and the topic marker ‘-은’.
이것+ 은 -> 이건 ‘this’ (close to the speaker)
그것+ 은 -> 그건 ‘that’ (far from the speaker, close to the listener)
저것+ 은 -> 저건 ‘that over there’ (far from both the listener and the speaker)
A: 이게 뭐예요? What is this?
B: 그게 창문이에요. It’s window.
A: 그럼 저건 뭐예요? Then, what’s that?
B: 칠판이에요. That’s blackboard.
이분,그분,저분
‘이, 그, 저’ can indicate persons with ‘분’ which means person.
이분 ‘this person’ (close to the speaker)
그분 ‘that person’ (far from the speaker, close to the listener)
저분 ‘that person over there’ (far from both the listener and the speaker)
There are no contracions when the subjective or topic markers follow
‘이분, 그분, 저분’ like ‘이분이, 그분이, 저분이, 이분은, 그분은, 저분은’.
이분이 안나씨 아버지예요. 저분은 안나씨 동생이에요.
This person is Anna’s father and that person is Anna’s younger brother.
Verb ‘아니다’ : not to be
This word is used for making negatives. You have already studied ‘이다` which indicates equality or identification. The ‘이다’ is attached directly to a noun, and is pronounced as one word with the noun. When you make the negative construction of ‘이다’, the subject marker ‘-이/가’ is attached directly to the noun, and then followed by the negative verb ‘아니다’.
이것이 의자예요. <—> 이것이 의자가 아니예요.
제가 호주사람이에요. <—> 제가 호주사람이 아니예요.
Verb ‘있다/없다’ : to be/not to be
The verb `있다’ indicates existence, location or possession. The opposite verb is `없다’.
(Possesion)
동생 있어요? 네, 동생이 있어요.
Do you have a younger brother? Yes, I have a younger brother.
아니오, 동생이 없어요. 그런데 언니는 있어요.
No, I don’t have a younger brother. But I have an older sister
(Location)
교실에 책상이 있어요? 네, 책상이 있어요.
Is there a desk in the classroom? Yes, there is a desk (in the classroom)
아니오, 책상이 없어요. 의자는 있어요.
No, there is not a desk (in the classroom). But there is a chair.
The marker ‘-에‘ : at/in
This locative marker indicates that someone or something is stationary in a place. It is attached to nouns, and followed by ‘있다’(to be) and ‘없다’(not to be).
교실에 학생이 있어요. There is a student in the classroom.
교실에 선생님은 없어요. There is not a teacher in the classroom.
